Anion exchange membranes can be categorized into homogeneous membranes and heterogeneous membranes based on membrane structure. In terms of functional selectivity, they can be divided into general anion membranes, monovalent selective anion membranes, electrolytic anion membranes, hydroxide-selective anion membranes, alkali-resistant anion membranes, and so on.

Ion exchange membranes rely on direct current (DC) as the driving force. They have different selectivities for conductive substances and non-conductive substances, as well as among different conductive substances.